Oct 12, 1996 | Abstract
1996 Abstract: Four ‘generations’ of great ape facilities are illustrated and discussed. These range from the Victorian and ‘blue tile’ periods thought third generation ‘modernist’ and ‘immersion’ displays. Future fourth...Oct 12, 1995 | Abstract
1995 Abstract: The first zoos appeared with the b beginnings of human civilization. For 2500 years zoos have evolved along two very different paths. Most captive animal displays were demonstrations of human power or whim. however, a few early examples from India and...Oct 12, 1995 | Abstract
1995 Abstract: American zoo9s are beginning to develop facilities around the concept of “anima rotation”, wherein animals move through multiple enclosures in a simulation of “home range”. Multiple species can occupy the same enclosures...Oct 12, 1994 | Abstract
1994 Abstract: Advances in display and husbandry for orangutans is traced from the mid-1970s through the rotation exhibits of the mid-1990s.Oct 12, 1994 | Abstract
1994 Abstract: The terms “landscape immersion”, “habitat immersion” and “immersion design” are defined and their history summarized. Characteristics or rules for this type of display are listed, as are means of eliciting natural...Oct 12, 1993 | Abstract
1993 Abstract: Many recently developed animal facilities have ingenious built-in environmental enrichment features. Yet, to the author’s surprise, many of the features are never used by operating staff. Why not? Examples of such problems are discussed and...