1995 Abstract:
The first zoos appeared with the b beginnings of human civilization. For 2500 years zoos have evolved along two very different paths. Most captive animal displays were demonstrations of human power or whim. however, a few early examples from India and China were established for a different purpose: to foster a respect for nature and a place for learning. There historic trends intersect in today’s zoos, which strive to balance public recreation with animal welfare, conservation and education.
This paper provides a detailed description of zoo evolution with particular emphasis on the trends and philosophies of zoo design in the last fifty years. A chronological table of zoo development from 1500 BC to the first “modern zoo” in London is provided.