Plan Ahead for Behavioral Enrichment

1992 Abstract: Four levels of zoo animal enrichment features are summarized: 1) toys, 2) occupational simulators, 3) environmental choice and 4) social choice. The integrative design process is recommended to insure new facilities have built-in enrichment...

Why are We Here and Where are We Going?

1991 Abstract: This paper discusses twelve major trends strongly influencing zoo design and operation and clearly suggesting directions for zoological gardens in the future. This paper was intended to be the closing chapter under Part Three, “Exhibitry” in...

An Integrative Process for Exhibit Design

1991 Abstract: Whether designing exhibits for zoos, aquariums, botanic gardens or museums, integration of displays with their surrounding physical, functional and social contexts will enhance their value and effectiveness, perhaps in surprising ways. This paper shows...

The Genesis of Habitat Immersion in Gorilla Exhibits

1989 Abstract: Great ape exhibit evolution appears to closely follow the development of public attitudes and scientific research about these creatures. Ecological and behavioral information gained in the last twenty years has resulted in a new generation of gorilla...